Cloud Security Fundamentals Cheat Sheet
Foundational cloud security concepts including the shared responsibility model, encryption, network controls, and identity hardening.
2 PagesIntermediateFeb 5, 2026
Least-Privilege IAM Policy (AWS)
Scoped policy granting only what's needed, nothing more.
json
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": ["s3:GetObject"], "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/reports/*", "Condition": { "IpAddress": {"aws:SourceIp": "203.0.113.0/24"} } } ]}
Restrictive Security Group (AWS CLI)
Allow SSH only from a known IP range, not 0.0.0.0/0.
bash
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \ --group-id sg-0123456789abcdef0 \ --protocol tcp --port 22 \ --cidr 203.0.113.0/24
Core Security Controls
Key core security controls to know.
- Encryption at Rest- Protects stored data using provider-managed or customer-managed keys (KMS)
- Encryption in Transit- TLS/HTTPS protects data moving between services and clients
- Network Segmentation- VPCs/VNets, subnets, and security groups restrict lateral movement
- MFA- Multi-factor authentication drastically reduces credential-theft risk, especially for privileged accounts
- CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management)- Continuously scans for misconfigurations against best-practice benchmarks (e.g. CIS)
- Audit Logging- CloudTrail/Activity Log/Cloud Audit Logs record every API call for forensics and compliance
Pro Tip
Treat public storage buckets and open security groups (0.0.0.0/0) as the default failure mode to guard against — misconfigured access controls, not sophisticated exploits, cause the vast majority of real-world cloud breaches.
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