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Neo4j (Graph Database) Cheat Sheet

Neo4j (Graph Database) Cheat Sheet

Cypher query language essentials for creating nodes and relationships, traversing graphs, and finding shortest paths in Neo4j.

2 PagesIntermediateMar 12, 2026

Creating Nodes & Relationships

Basic graph creation in Cypher.

sql
// Create nodesCREATE (a:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30})CREATE (b:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25})// Create a relationship between existing nodesMATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"})CREATE (a)-[:FRIENDS_WITH {since: 2020}]->(b)

Querying & Traversal

Matching patterns and finding paths.

sql
// Find a nodeMATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"}) RETURN p// Traverse a relationshipMATCH (a:Person)-[:FRIENDS_WITH]->(b:Person)RETURN a.name, b.name// Shortest path between two nodesMATCH path = shortestPath(  (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[*]-(b:Person {name: "Bob"}))RETURN path

Update, Delete & Merge

Modifying the graph safely.

sql
MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"})SET p.age = 31MATCH (p:Person {name: "Bob"})DETACH DELETE p   // deletes the node and its relationshipsMERGE (p:Person {name: "Carol"})ON CREATE SET p.createdAt = timestamp()

Core Concepts

Terminology behind Neo4j's property graph model.

  • Node- an entity with a label (e.g. :Person) and key-value properties
  • Relationship- a directed, typed connection between two nodes; can hold properties
  • Label- a tag categorizing a node; a node may have multiple labels
  • MATCH- the Cypher clause for pattern matching against the graph
  • MERGE- "find or create": matches a pattern or creates it if absent
  • CREATE CONSTRAINT ... IS UNIQUE- enforces uniqueness and backs it with an index
Pro Tip

Use MERGE only on the smallest pattern that must be unique, then attach ON CREATE SET / ON MATCH SET for the rest — merging on a large multi-property pattern can silently create duplicate nodes when any single property fails to match.

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