PHP Laravel Basics Cheat Sheet

Covers Artisan CLI commands, routing and controllers, Eloquent ORM models, and core Laravel concepts like Blade and middleware.

2 PagesBeginnerMar 22, 2026

Artisan CLI

Common commands for scaffolding and running a Laravel app.

bash

composer create-project laravel/laravel myapp   # Create new Laravel appphp artisan serve                                # Start dev server (localhost:8000)php artisan make:model Post -m                   # Model + migrationphp artisan make:controller PostController -r    # Resource controllerphp artisan migrate                              # Run pending migrationsphp artisan migrate:rollback                     # Roll back last migration batchphp artisan tinker                               # Interactive REPL

Routes & Controllers

Resourceful routing and request validation.

php

// routes/web.phpuse App\Http\Controllers\PostController;Route::get('/', function () {    return view('welcome');});Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);// generates index, create, store, show, edit, update, destroy// app/Http/Controllers/PostController.phpclass PostController extends Controller{    public function index()    {        $posts = Post::latest()->paginate(10);        return view('posts.index', compact('posts'));    }    public function store(Request $request)    {        $validated = $request->validate([            'title' => 'required|max:255',            'body' => 'required',        ]);        Post::create($validated);        return redirect()->route('posts.index');    }}

Eloquent Models

Defining relationships and running queries.

php

// app/Models/Post.phpclass Post extends Model{    protected $fillable = ['title', 'body', 'user_id'];    public function author()    {        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id');    }    public function comments()    {        return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);    }}// Query examplesPost::where('published', true)->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->get();Post::find(1);Post::create(['title' => 'Hello', 'body' => 'World']);$post->comments()->create(['body' => 'Nice!']);

Core Laravel Concepts

Key building blocks every Laravel app relies on.

Blade- Laravel's templating engine; files end in .blade.php and use {{ $var }} plus @if/@foreach directives
Middleware- Filters HTTP requests, e.g. auth and throttle; registered in app/Http/Kernel.php and applied via ->middleware('auth')
Migrations- Version-controlled schema changes in database/migrations/, run with php artisan migrate
Service Container- Laravel's IoC container that resolves class dependencies automatically via type-hinting
Eloquent ORM- ActiveRecord-style ORM mapping model classes to database tables by convention (Post maps to posts)
.env / config- Environment-specific settings loaded from .env and accessed via the config() or env() helpers

Pro Tip

Always mass-assign through $fillable (or $guarded) on Eloquent models — leaving both empty and calling create() with raw request input opens mass-assignment vulnerabilities.

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