Database Security

What is a View in SQL?

A view is a virtual table defined by a stored SQL query; it holds no data of its own but presents the result of that query as if it were a table whenever you s…

What is a Stored Procedure in SQL?

A stored procedure is a precompiled, named block of SQL statements saved inside the database that can be executed repeatedly with a single call, optionally acc…

What Techniques Prevent SQL Injection?

SQL injection is prevented primarily by using parameterized queries (or prepared statements) so user input is always bound as data and never concatenated into…

What Are Parameterized Queries and Why Do They Matter?

A parameterized query is a SQL statement written with placeholders in place of literal values, where the actual values are supplied separately and bound by the…

What is Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) in Database Security?

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a database security model where permissions are granted to named roles rather than to individual users, and users gain thei…

How Do You Implement Row-Level Security in a Database?

Row-level security (RLS) is implemented by attaching a security policy to a table that filters which individual rows a given user or role can see or modify, en…

What is Data Encryption at Rest in a Database?

Data encryption at rest means the data stored on disk — table files, indexes, backups, and logs — is encrypted so that anyone who gains raw access to the stora…

What is Data Encryption in Transit for Databases?

Data encryption in transit protects data while it moves across a network — between an application and the database, between replicas, or during a backup transf…

What is Database Auditing and Compliance Logging?

Database auditing and compliance logging is the practice of recording who accessed or modified which data, when, and how, in a tamper-resistant log, so an orga…

What Are Connection String Security Best Practices?

Connection string security means never embedding raw credentials in source code or config files checked into version control, instead injecting host, username,…

How Do You Manage Database Secrets Securely?

Database secrets management means storing credentials, API keys, and encryption keys in a dedicated secrets manager or vault that controls access, encrypts the…

What is the Principle of Least Privilege for Database Access?

Least privilege for database access means every user, service, or application account is granted only the specific permissions it needs to do its job — nothing…