Typing

Interacting with Forms and Inputs

How to type into text fields, clear stale values, submit forms, and upload files with Selenium's WebElement API.

Variables in Flows

How to declare, set, and accumulate values in flow-scoped variables, and where they go wrong inside loops.

Socket.IO with TypeScript

Learn how to add end-to-end type safety to Socket.IO applications using event-map generics for server-to-client, client-to-server, and inter-server events.

Optional Typing in Groovy

How Groovy lets you mix def (dynamic) and explicit static types, and how @TypeChecked and @CompileStatic add compile-time safety and performance.

Functions in PHP

Learn how PHP functions are declared, typed, and invoked, including default parameters, variadics, references, and closures for reusable logic.

Duck Typing in Ruby

Explore Ruby's duck typing philosophy — objects are defined by the methods they respond to, not by their class — and how it shapes idiomatic, flexible Ruby cod…